Hermetospheres

When it comes to the suitability of plants for cultivation in hermetospheres, two aspects have to be kept apart: 1) How well can a plant withstand the conditions in a hermetosphere (especially in terms of humidity, nutrient availability, light intensity) in the long run? and 2) How competitive is a plant under the conditions in a hermetosphere, i.e. how well can it prevail in the long run against plants that thrive very well and spread quickly?

For this reason, the plant list on this site is divided into three parts. Part (A) contains plants that can thrive in hermetospheres and have a tendency to overgrow less competitive plants. Part (B) contains plants that can thrive in hermetospheres and have a low tendency to overgrow other plants; however, they may be crowded out by very fast-growing plants and should preferably be combined with plants from the same category. Part (C) contains plants that do not tolerate the conditions in hermetospheres well and are not likely survive long even without competition from other plants.

Please note that the experiences and recommendations in the following tables are only useful for the cultivation described here. Unless otherwise stated, these are exclusively my own findings from my limited experience with these plants and the conditions described. The tables will be constantly expanded and adapted with increasing experience. All links in the tables refer to posts within this weblog.

A) According to my experience, the following plant species (in alphabetical order) thrive well in hermetosphere conditions and are likely to overgrow less competitive plants.

Plant name	Experience
Begonia lichenora	Known only from Bau to Padawan areas in Sarawak, Borneo, this Begonia usually climbs up the steep, slightly shaded soil slopes in wet forest, elevation ca. 100 m.a.s.l. With its creeping habit, the leaves “lichen-like” nearly appressed to the substrate, it can completely colonize bare substrate areas within weeks; however, a colony like this tends to collapse after a certain time; in my case, certain shoots survived and very slowly established a new generation while the remains of the first colony were mineralized.
Begonia maurandiae	This small, climbing Begonia is found in the cloud forests of the Andes in Ecuador and Colombia. It grows terrestrially or epiphytically and is typical for the begonia section Gobenia. In the hermetosphere it grew rapidly as long as space and nutrients were available. Later, the entire colony collapsed before it could flower and has not recovered.
Begonia olivacea	This creeping begonia from Sumatera spreads quite rapidly across the substrate. With its size and strong root system, it doesn’t care much about less competitive plants in the jar. I don’t yet know whether it will be able to survive in the long term once it has colonised the entire container after about six months.
Begonia thelmae	Only one location in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo is documented for this begonia. It actually grows too large for my 5-litre containers. However, due to a mistake, I obtained seedlings from seeds and decided to give it a try anyway. In the Hermetosphere, they quickly grew too large and crowded out other plants with their extensive root system and foliage.
Biophytum sensitivum	This palm-like oxalis, which is common all-over Southeast Asia, thrives exceptionally well in closed containers; it does not grow very quickly, however, once it flowers, it produces self-pollinated seeds and scatters them all over the container so that less competitive plants can be crowded out.
Episcia reptans	This Geseneriad from northern South America thrives magnificently in a closed container and readily displays its large red flowers. If you have more space available than my standard 5-liter containers, then go for it. However, if this plant is not confronted with a limitation of nutrients, it will overgrow any delicate plant in the vicinity with its runners.
Lepisorus microphyllus	This fern is often sold under the name of ‘Green Penny Fern’ or Lemmaphyllum microphyllum. It produces a creeping rhizome and two very different kinds of fronds: nearly round to oval, sterile ones and narrow, longer, fertile ones with two lines of sori. Widespread in parts of China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, it seems to be well adapted to the conditions in a hermetosphere. In my containers, it thrived well and developed both sterile and fertile fronds. As long as it can reach nutrients with its roots, it is likely to continue growing.
Microgramma lycopodioides	This creeping fern, widespread throughout tropical America, is not only visually very appealing, but it also has other characteristics that make it an ideal plant for hermetospheres: small size, slow growth and a preference for a permanently warm and humid environment.
Microgramma nana	This dainty fern, also known and sold as Microgramma tecta var. nana, is fairly common in southern Mexico through Mesoamerica to southeastern Venezuela and Guyana, Suriname, northern Brazil, and along the eastern side of the Andes from Colombia to Bolivia; it grows as an epiphyte, often on twigs of bushes and in the outer tree canopy, in humid forests; 200–1400 m.a.s.l. In the hermetosphere, it grows with its creeping rhizome as long as the nutrient supply lasts and then remains largely stable, an ideal candidate for this form of culture.
Pachycentria glauca	This plant belongs to the Melastomataceae family and grows as an epiphyte in the humid forests of Borneo. Like many other tropical plants from diverse families, it lives in mutualistic symbiosis with ants. It strives, however, perfectly without ants in the hermetosphere. As long as nutrients are available, it spreads with ease and finds new patches of substrate with aerial roots. If the supply of nutrients is exhausted, it stays as it is for a long time and even produces flowers from time to time.
Pyrrosia nummulariifolia	This fern with creeping rhizome and two distinctly different kinds of fronds (fertile, infertile) is widespread in Indochina and Insular Southeast Asia; with similar success it thrives in hermetospheres. If you want to intervene as little as possible in your jar, only combine this fern with similarly competitive plants.
Selaginella brooksii	This Borneo endemic spike moss grows not quite as fast as S. uncinata, but still approximately 10 cm in 6 months. With its rhizophores it is able to obtain nutrients from or colonize any substrate surface. I cannot yet say whether its individual shoots stop growing when they have formed the spore-bearing organs (strobili) or only when the nutrient supply is exhausted.
Selaginella uncinata	This spikemoss thrives so well in closed container conditions that it should only be combined with similarly competitive plants. Outside its natural range (China, Japan, Vietnam), the plant is now also widespread in other tropical regions, where it is sometimes considered invasive.
Strobilanthes sinuata	This plant from the Acanthaceae family is said to be native to Jawa. It has not been recently observed in the wild but is known from culture in (botanical) gardens. It strives well in closed containers; these should allow the plant to grow 30-40 cm tall or even taller.

B) According to my experience, the following plants (in alphabetical order) can thrive in hermetosphere conditions with a low tendency to overgrow other plants.

Plant name	Experience
Anoectochilus setaceus	The first jewel orchid that worked with my setting, a native of Southeast Asia, develops slowly its stunning orange-patterned leaves.
Begonia baik	This Begonia from Borneo with beautifully textured, brownish leaves grows in a 25 litre demijohn with me. Once it had started to show its snow-white flowers, it never stopped. As with some other begonias, the leaves tend to melt when they come in contact with the moist inner walls of the glass; therefore, it is only worth trying if the container offers enough space.
Barbosella cogniauxiana	This creeping orchid from southeastern Brazil was one of the few epiphytic pleurothallids that thrived in my hermetospheres. I find its delicate yellowish flowers breathtaking and worth every try.
Begonia bipinnatifida	This Begonia, native to New Guinea, has wonderful, delicate, brownish leaves. It is likely to survive under hermetosphere conditions, but grew too large for my standard 5 litre containers. Leaves melt as soon as they touch the wet insides of the glass.
Begonia bogneri	A Madagascar endemic which was found in the Masoala region growing on large, moist granite rocks, mostly on vertical faces, amongst mosses and ferns, in the deep shade of tall trees. It readily establishes itself in hermetosphere conditions, flowers regularly and can thrive for a long time. Propagation is possible through leaf cuttings; this makes it possible that new plantlets grow from mature leaves where these come in contact with the subsrate without even opening the container.
Begonia hoehneana	A delicate Begonia found growing on limestone rocks in São Paulo state, Brazil; known among begonia friends for being difficult to cultivate; grew readily in my hermetosphere.
Begonia pteridoides	It resembles its cousin Begonia bogneri, also native to Madagascar, but has finely branched leaves. It thrives well in the hermetosphere and can propagate itself via leaf cuttings without intervention.
Bucephalandra cf. belindae	This is one of few Bucephalandra species in trade with more or less reliable identification and particularly suited for closed containers due to its small size; like many other Bucephalandra it can be grown without flowing water, althouth this is its natural habitat.
Bucephalandra sp.	This Aroid genus from Borneo has quickly gained many enthusiasts. Identification to species level should be left to specialists, and they are usually offered under fantasy names with no correlation to scientifically described species. They are adapted to flowing water as so-called rheophytes, and some thrive in terrariums or aquariums. Their very slow growth makes them particularly suitable for hermetospheres. When purchasing Bucephalandra, care should be taken to ensure that they have not been taken from the wild and have been grown in emersed culture (above water level).
Cryptanthus venecianus (aff.)	“Earth stars” of the genus Cryptanthus are terrestrial bromeliads native to the eastern states of Brazil. When I received mine, it fitted nicely in a container of 5 litres with a diameter of 17 cm. Although I was happy to see it thrive well in the hermetosphere, it grew too large for the container in time (see this post for a glance). If you have enough space available, this is a rewarding plant.
Davallia parvula	Its small size, slow growth, robust fronds and beautiful appearance make this fern an ideal candidate for almost any size of hermetosphere.
Drosera mada-gsacariensis	This small sundew is likely to survive under hermetosphere conditions but was overgrown by moss with me before it ever flowered. It could strive in the long run when combined with other low-nutrient species on a corresponding substrate.
Ficus punctata	The climbing fig with bright spots on its vibrant orange fruits (though it never flowerd with me) is native to Southeast Asia; it proves to be robust in closed container conditions; however, as a distinct slow grower, it is at risk to be overgrown by highly competitive plants (in my case: Biophytum sensitivum and Pyrrosia nummulariifolia, over the years). However, when I opened the container after nearly four years and freed the plant, it was healthy as new.
Ficus pumila ‘quercifolia’	This creeping cultivar with miniature, lobed, oak-like leaves is often sold as Ficus quercifolia (which actally is an old name for Ficus sinuata, a different species); it thrives in closed container conditions without aggressively overgrowing its neighbours (at least if nutrients are rather scarce, which I recommend anyway).
Gesneria cuneifolia	I received this Gesneria native to Puerto Rico as seed. The seedlings have grown well in the hermetosphere, flowered and also produced fruit. However, the plants tend to grow taller in the closed container than in their natural habitat. In what is more, the leaves are light instead of dark green.
Gesneria reticulata	This is the smaller cousin of G. cuneifolia, also from the Caribbean inslands. These too, I have grown from seed and put into the closed container as seedlings. As with G. cuneifolia, the leaves are lighter in colour than in nature, but the leaf rosette remains basal, without unnaturally elongated internodes. So far it hasn’t shown its vivid red, tubular flowers, but I hope it will.
Hoya endauensis	This wax plant, only known from very few locations on riverbanks in Malaysia seems to love high humidity and warm temperatures; its small size and slow growth make it a perfect candidate for the hermetosphere; it has not flowered with me, but I look forward to this happening.
Hoya kanyakumariana	This wax plant is endemic to the southernmost end of Western Ghats in India, where it has been found on both sides of the border between Kerala and Tamil Nadu; its small size and slow growth make it a perfect candidate for the hermetosphere. After about a year in the closed container it gave me the enormous pleasure to show its stunningly white flowers.
Labisia sp. ‘Boyan’	Labisia, a genus of the melastoma family, has become popular among hobbyists for its attractive foliage; this variety turned out to grow too large for my standard 5 litre container; new leaves grown in the hermetosphere were distinctly longer and brighter than those grown before (in the greenhouse most likely); I interpret this as an acclimation reaction to very high relative humidity; you might give it a try if your container is large enough for a leaf rosette of >30 cm in diameter. If it grows too tall, the main shoot can be cut back, and the stem will start growing new leaves after a while.
Lepanthes ova-rajae	A miniature orchid from the cloud forests of Costa Rica; it thrived really well, produced plenty of new leaves and inflorescences; then it fell victim to an aggressive fungus mycelium that overgrew the entire glass and killed all the plants. I will definitively try again.
Medinilla sedifolia	This plant from the Melastomataceae familiy grows best when it has the opportunity to climb or hang from an elevated position. It loves the high humidity in a closed container and grows slowly; so far it hasn’t given me the pleasure of flowering, but I hope it will one day.
Metapetrocosmea tamiana	This Gesneriad is often traded under its former names Chirita tamiana or Primulina tamiana; it thrives easily and flowers regularly in a closed container and is just the right size to serve as the main attraction for a 5-litre container.
Microgramma heterophylla	A small and slowly growing fern native to the Caribbean islands, in moist or dry forests of the the coastal lowlands; an ideal candidate for the hermetosphere. Of the two forms of fronds from which it got its name, I have only seen the smaller, rounder one.
Microgramma lycopodioides	A creeping fern, widespread throughout tropical America, with beautiful leaves; its small size, slow growth and a preference for a permanently warm and humid environment make it an ideal plant for hermetospheres.
Microgramma vacciniifolia	This creeping epiphytic fern is widespread throughout the South American continent. It showed signs of nutrient deficiency in some of my first hermetospheres. However, as long as its hairy rhizome comes into contact with moist, nutrient-providing substrate, it should be fine.
Restrepia cymbula	Orchids of the Pleurothallid subtribe, over 5000 epi-/lithophytic species in the tropical regions of the new world and most of them small- or miniature-sized, seem to be particularly attractive for terrariums of a restricted size. While you can often read that constant air movement was required for successful cultivation, this does certainly not apply to all. Otherwise, it would not be possible for my R. cymbula to have thrived in a closed container for years and to flower regularly. It also has the most beautiful flowers of all my plants, but that is a matter of taste.
Selaginella microphylla	A miniature spikemoss that is widespread in the Neotropics but may not be attractive enough for hobbyists to be regularly offered in the trade. It loves the damp conditions in closed containers but does not grow excessively fast.
Selliguea albidosquamata	Ferns of the genus Selliguea are native to Southeast Asia and are rarely offered in Europe; one reason for this could be their slow growth, which makes the plant even more attractive for hermetosphere enthusiasts. This species’ fronds can grow up to 1 meter tall in the wild (which I didn’t realise when I decided to plant it in a hermetosphere); however, its slow growth can still make it a candidate for the closed container when a piece of rhizome with small fronds is found.
Selliguea metacoela	Ferns of the genus Selliguea are native to Southeast Asia and are rarely offered in Europe; one reason for this could be their slow growth, which makes the plant even more attractive to lovers of the hermetosphere. This species looks unspectacular at first glance, but its two very different types of fronds – the sterile ones small and almost circular, the fertile ones narrow and long – make it one of my absolute favorites for the closed container.
Tillandsia ionantha	Some growers categorize Tillandsias into three groups according to their light and moisture conditions of their natural habitat: xeric, mesic and hydric. Most of the traded species belong to the xeric and mesic groups. Mesic tillandsias are said to require more humidity and less light than xeric species and should therefore do better in hermetospheres. The natural range of T. ionantha extends from Mexico to Guatemala, and with its several varieties it is seen mora as a ‘species complex’ than a single species today. It is also one of the most cultivated species, so that the traded forms are likely to differ from the natural forms. In short: some call it xeric, others mesic. Mine is thriving well for a long time in closed conditions.
Triolena pileoides	This Melastoma native to Colombia, Ecuador, Panamá and Peru has bright white flowers and leaves with glossy brown-green surfaces on top and reddish undersides. The leaves grow in pairs, one of which is distinctly smaller than the other. This habit is called anisophylly and occurs in plants of different families. Given the room, the plant develops the shape of a miniature shrub. If space is limited, it is best combined with only moss or a small fern as ground cover.

C) According to my experience, the following plants are not likely to thrive in hermetosphere conditions.

Plant name	Experience
Actiniopteris radiata	The eyelash fern is very attractive and perfect in size for a 5l container. However, it slowly lost one frond after the other with me and died within about a year. Other hermetosphere growers made the same experience.
Aerangis hyaloides	The brilliant white flowers of this Madagascan orchid make it woth a try, but after producing a single new leaf and an inflorescence, the plant gradually declined and died. Ovarall, I cannot say that I have been able to provide it with the conditions it needs to thrive.
Angraecum pectinatum	An orchid native to Madagascar with bright white flowers. Like many other epiphytic orchids, it was unable to establish itself permanently in the hermetosphere.
Anoectochilus albolineatus	This jewel orchid, native to Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, died soon after being placed in a 5l jar; I guess it did not support permanently high relative humidity.
Asplenium dregeanum	A fern common in the (sub-)tropical regions of the African continent, growing in shady places in forests below 1,700 m.a.s.l.; after my research on its natural habitat, I was very confident that the fern would thrive in my closed containers, but it did not; on two attempts it slowly but steadily declined, and I can only assume that the high humidity was the cause of the dying.
Barbacenia irwiniana	This caudex plant from the Vellociaceae family lives on inselbergs in southeastern Brazil at altitudes above 2000 m; when I had the opportunity to obtain seeds, I tried, but the seedlings did not last long in the closed container.
Begonia alchemilloides	This tiny Begonia known from Brazil and Bolivia is considered delicate in culture by begonia experts (Barrère 2016a) due to the need for good drainage and a well marked rest (which I can not provide in the hermetosphere). However, when I got the chance to obtain seed, I tried. Germination was successful, but when the seedlungs were planted in a 5l container, they only grew hesitantly and eventually withered.
Begonia hoehneana	A delicate begonia that grows on limestone cliffs in the Brazilian state of São Paulo and is known among begonia enthusiasts as difficult to cultivate. I grew it from seed and placed it in a closed container, where it seemed to thrive. However, it never flowered, did not produce a second generation, and died within a year.
Begonia vankerckhovenii	I lost this particular begonia from tropical Africa with its bright yellow flowers when a whole container collapsed due to a fungal infection four months after onset; the leaves just melted away. I will give this begonia a second chance at some point, as there is every reason to believe that the conditions should suit it.
Bulbophyllum sp.	Bulbophyllum is an orchid genus with over 2000 accepted species, epiphytes or lithophythes, which are distributed in all tropical regions. Some pseudobulbs with leaves of B. oblongum survived over years, some have produced flowers, but most withered and only one new pseudobulb emerged. B. comberi survived mostly unchanged for months and eventually slowly died without ever having flowered. B. moniliforme, placed on a lava pebble, it quickly became overgrown with moss and never reappeared. B. mutabile died within months. Ovarall, I cannot say that I have been able to provide the plant with the conditions it needs to thrive.
Dossinia marmorata	This jewel orchid from Borneo died soon after being placed in a 25 litre demijohn; I guess it did not tolerate permanently high relative humidity.
Elaphoglossum peltatum	Three varieties of this decorative fern are known, all of which are on the market, but none of which have survived the conditions in my hermetospheres in the long term.
Elatostema salvinioides	This member of the nettle family (Urticaceae) from Indochina grows on vertical limestone rocks and has a pendant habit; it began to lose its leaves as soon as it was placed in a closed container.
Eleocharis acicularis	A member of the sedges family (Cyperaceae) known among aquaristic hobbyists; my in vitro-grown plant never established in lava substrate with standing water and rotted over time.
Erycina pusilla	An epiphytic orchid that is widespread in the Neotropics. It is popular in the trade because of its radially in one plane arranged leaves and its relatively large yellow flowers. In the hermetosphere, I brought part of its roots into contact with the substrate. It bloomed continuously for many months, but eventually yellowed and died without producing any offspring.
Goodyera schlechtendaliana	One of only few terrestrial orchids that I did not manage to get established in my setting; it kept lying on the substrate instead of growing upright, while still developing new leaves.
Grammitis serrulata, sometimes sold as Cochlidium serrulatum	Alhough (or maybe because) widespread in tropical regions of Central and South America as well as Africa in forests below 1’800 m.a.s.l., this tiny fern is only rarely offered by nurseries. It is described as an epiphyte, but – like many others – can also be found as a lithophyte. In the hermetosphere, it grew solwly in the first weeks but did not survive in the long run.
Hoya lacunosa	Hoya species are popular houseplants; my only try with Hoya lacunosa was a closed 25 litre demijohn, where the plant did not die in the long run, but not grow either; most Hoya are succulents with fleshy leaves and shiny cuticles; as such, they are not suitable for closed containers with permanantly high humidity.
Huperzia tetrasticha	Clubmosses (Lycopodiaceae) are an ancient familiy of non-flowering vascular plants with only a few genera left. In a closed 25-litre demijohn, H. tetrasticha from Borneo survived for about two years, but failed to establish new shoots from aerial roots of older shoots and eventually withered completely.
Marcgravia oligandra, also traded as M. umbellata	Several climbing plants from the exclusively neotropical Marcgraviaceae family are traded as terrarium or house plants. I had M. oligandra in one of my first containers where it survived for about two years but eventually died. The reason for this could well be that I made a few mistakes with the first containers. Among terrarium enthusiasts, the plant is considered to be fast-growing. It is therefore quite possible that I would place it in category A if I tried again.
Marsilea minuta	Dwarf waterclover, known among aquaristic hobbyists; my in vitro-grown plant never established in lava substrate and rotted over time.
Mediocalcar cf. decoratum	This orchid is native to New Guinea where it grows as an epiphyte in montane forest, on trunks or major branches of trees, usually in shaded positions, at altitudes between 900 and 2000 m; my plant (wrongfully labelled labelled M. pygmaeum) suffered from the first days in a closed container and slowly declined.
Neoregelia liliputiana	This epiphytic bromeliad is tempting for its mall size, as the name suggests. However, in the closed container it did not last in the long run but slowly died.
Ophiopogon japonicus	‘Mondo Grass’ or ‘Japan Snakesbeard’ belongs to the Asparagaceae family and is native to China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam. It is recommended for terraria and even aquaria; however, my plant never thrived in the closed container and declined very slowly but steadily, more and more leaves showing pale and then brown spots.
Pinguicula emarginata	Most butterworts need a dormancy period with lower temperatures; P. emarginata is supposed to be one of the exceptions; it is known from the subtropical cloud forest of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the border region of the Mexican states of Puebla and Veracruz, where it grows along river courses on vertical sandstone cliffs between 1400 and 1550 m above sea level. To imitate the natural habitat, I built a steep ramp in a container. However, the fragile little plantlets were never able to establish themselves there.
Pleopeltis polypodioides	Although widespread in Central America, the resurrection fern did not survive the closed container conditions in the long run; the fronds slowly blackend and died.
Pleurothallidinae	A subtribe within the orchid family (Orchidaceae) including more than 4000 species, all native to Central or South America, most epiphytic and many of miniature size; Pleurothallids are very popular in horticulture for the very diverse shapes and colours of their flowers; Like many others, I was fascinated by them and therefore tried to cultivate them in hermetospheres. I mostly chose species native to tropical lowlands, as I assumed that conditions there would most closely resemble those in the hermetosphere. However, these attempts were hardly ever successful. With three exceptions (Barbosellla cogniauxiana, Lepanthes ova-rajae, Restrepia cymbula, see above), all species that I tried have slowly declined from the beginning and died: Anathallis lewisiae, Anathallis minutalis, Barbosella dusenii, Barbosella portillae, Lepanthes clareae, Lepanthes domingensis, Lepanthes veleziana, Masdevallia minuta, Platystele stenostachya, Platystele umbellata, Specklinia microphylla, Specklinia tribuloides, Stelis ciliolata, Stelis microchila.
Sarcopyramis bodinieri often traded as S. parvifolia	Plants of the melastoma genera Sonerila and closely related Sarcopyramis have become popular among terrarium hobbyists in recent years. A rather fragile-looking specimen of this species was unable to establish itself permanently in the hermetosphere.
Sinningia muscicola	A small tuberous gesneriad from Brazil which is said to thrive well in terrariums; however, after foliage and blooms had been produced once from the tuber I had planted, the plant withdrew and never reappeared on the surface in one of my first hermetospheres. A new attempt is under way with plantlets grown from seed and it may be that I have to change category in a while.
Sinningia pusilla	A small tuberous gesneriad from Brazil which is said to thrive well in terrariums; however, after foliage and blooms had been produced once from the tuber I had planted, the plant withdrew and never reappeared on the surface in one of my first hermetospheres. A new attempt is under way with plantlets grown from seed and it may be that I have to change category in a while.
Sonerila maculata	Sonerila belong to the Melastoma family and have recently become very popular with terrarium keepers, mainly because of their attractive foliage. Among them, S. maculata is one of the most commonly traded species with nicely spotted leaves. Although partly described as easy to cultivate, it did not cope with the conditions in my hermetosphere; it produced oversized, pale leaves that wilted early.
Strobilanthes reptans	This plant, by some considered as a weed, grows on grassy hill slopes, roadsides, ponds, and streamsides, near sea level to 400 m., in Southeast Asia, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, northern Australia, Melanesia, New Caledonia and Papua New Guinea. It might survive in hermetosphere conditions, but tends to produce overlarge, chlorotic leaves.
Utricularia flaccida	In moist (not wet oder flooded) lava substrate, this bladderwort did not survive in the long run.
Utricularia juncea	For this small, terrestrial bladderwort from seepage savannas and bogs in the coastal plain of the southeastern United States as well as central and northern South America, I created a wet location in a low position in a 5l jar; individual flowers did appear, but the plant was never able to establish itself properly and spread.
Utricularia nana	In moist (not wet or flooded) lava substrate, this bladderwort did not survive in the long run.
Utricularia parthenopipes	In moist (not wet or flooded) lava substrate, this bladderwort did bloom but not survive in the long run.